Accounting for Fabrication Variability in Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells for Four‐Terminal Tandem Applications

Opto-electronic models that seek to predict the performance of perovskite and tandem solar cells (PSCs/TSCs) often keep optical recombination parameters (ORPs) constant in subsequent studies. During fabrication PSCs, however, these can vary significantly. To account for inherent variability, we develop a comprehensive opto-electronic-electric model current-voltage characteristics four-terminal (4T) TSCs. This is calibrated with forty-eight in-house fabricated transparent PSCs layer thickness 420, 550 700 nm corresponding median-efficiencies 20.6%, 21.1% 21.0%, respectively; CIS bottom cell stand-alone efficiency 17.5%; combined 4T TSCs median-efficiency 29.0%. After fitting validation, capture functional forms ORPs estimate how they change thickness. Finally, demonstrate errors assuming discuss improve more than 30%. article protected by copyright. All rights reserved.